If the situation cannot be resolved, the final step in the grievance process is for both parties to present their side to a
pre-designated arbitrator.
The arbitrator's role is to determine the rights of both parties under the labor agreement, and his or her decision is usually final.
The labor contract generally specifies the type of arbitrator used, the method of selecting the arbitrator, the scope of the arbitrator's authority, and the arrangements for the arbitrator's payment.
A potential intermediate step involves presenting the grievance to a mediator, whose job is to help the parties solve their own differences before they reach the formal arbitration phase.
Mediation is usually less time consuming and expensive than arbitration. In addition, the mediator may be able to teach the two parties dispute resolution skills that may be helpful in solving future problems .